A leading Aboriginal activist in the civil liberties movement of the 1960s, poet, educator, humanitarian, writer and artist, Oodgeroo Noonuccal is recognised as the first successful writer of Aboriginal descent. Her personal, cultural and political writings are legendary in Australian literature, In 1970, Oodgeroo (under the name Kathleen Walker) was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) for services to the community. She returned the honour, with these words, in 1987.
“‘Since 1970 I have lived in the hope that the parliaments of England and Australia would confer and attempt to rectify the terrible damage done to the Australian Aborigines. The forbidding us our tribal language, the murders, the poisoning, the scalping, the denial of land custodianship, especially our spiritual sacred sites, the destruction of our sacred places especially our Bora Grounds
Next year, 1988, to me marks 200 years of rape and carnage, all these terrible things that the Aboriginal tribes of Australia have suffered without any recognition even of admitted guilt from the parliaments of England.
From the Aboriginal point of view, what is there to celebrate? I have therefore decided that as a protest against what the Bicentenary ‘Celebrations’ stand for, I can no longer, with a clear conscience, accept the English honour of the MBE and will be returning it to her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of England “.
During the later years of her life, Oodgeroo lived on Stradbroke Island, Queensland where she taught all children traditional Aboriginal customs and values. She died there in 1993.
Municipal Gum
Gumtree in the city street,
Hard bitumen around your feet,
Rather you should be
In the cool world of leafy forest halls
And wild bird calls
Here you seems to me
Like that poor cart-horse
Castrated, broken, a thing wronged,
Strapped and buckled, its hell prolonged,
Whose hung head and listless mien express
Its hopelessness.
Municipal gum, it is dolorous
To see you thus
Set in your black grass of bitumen–
O fellow citizen,
What have they done to us?
Like to shout me a cold beer?
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